Every human life form encapsulates an idea of humankind and humanity. Today, this very idea is challenged by the various and diverging needs for cultural orientation in the age of globalization. One of the recent attempts to meet these challenges is provided by a new humanism with an intercultural intent. Such humanism can be conceptualized only by the collaborative efforts of different academic disciplines at exploring the human being as the gist of what is meant by humanity. Thus, this volume explores the pertinent fields of knowledge from the perspectives of philosophy, theology, anthropology, sociology, economy, psychology, neurobiology, history, and gender studies. Focusing on the guiding question of what is meant by being a human, the contributions of this volume encompass a fascinating spectrum of insights, which will orientate future discussions on humanity and humanism.
作者簡介
Jorn Rusen
Senior Fellow at the Kulturwissenschaftliches Institut (Institute for Advanced Study in the Humanities) at Essen, Germany; Professor emeritus for General History and Historical Culture at the University of Witten/Herdecke, head of the research project (2006 –2009) on “Humanism in the era of globalisation – an intercultural dialogue on culture, humanity, and values” at the Kulturwissenschaftliches Institut in Essen.
Preface
Jrn Rusen
Introduction: Enquiring about Mankind
I. Foundations
Gerald Huther
Neurobiological Approaches to a Better Understanding of Human Nature and Human Values
Christoph Antweiler
Pan-cultural Universals–a Foundation for an Inclusive Humanism
Georg W. Oesterdiekhoff
Man on the Way Towards Intellectual Growth and Humanity–Anthropological Foundations of History and Social Change
II. Cultural Manifestations
Hubert Cancik
Europe – Antiquity – Humanism
Heiner Roetz
Confucian Humanism
Umesh C. Chattopadhyaya
Indian Humanism
Jon Ruen
Classical Humanism – a Historical Survey
Oliver Kozlarek
Man and World in Latin American Humanism
III. Current Issues
Gunter Dux
Humanism and Its Interpretation in Secular Modernity – The Responsibility of Politics for Enabling a Humane Form of Life
Ilse Lenz
Differences of Humanity from the Perspective of Gender Research
Jurgen Straub
Personal Identity : A Concept in Humanist Tradition?
Helwig Schmidt-Glintzer
Chances for a Global Humanism in the Conflict of Cultures
Notes on Contributors
Bibliography
序
This book has come into existence as part of a project on “Humanism in the Era of Globalization, an Intercultural Dialogue on Humanity, Culture and Values”. The project was carried out with the financial support of the Mercator Foundation, at the Kulturwissenschaftliches Institut (Institute for Advanced Study in the Humanities) in Essen (KWI) during the years 2006 to 2009 and has resulted in a considerable number of publications. Some texts from the German collections of essays dealing with the central aspects of the project are in this volume made accessible in English translations. The editor hopes that this will advance the cause of the international as well as intercultural work in the topic of humanism.
When the project was initiated, the topic of humanism was of no particular relevance in the humanities and appeared to be only of interest to experts on Western cultural history. The intercultural widening of the scope of a not irrelevant theme in Western cultural history was not being considered at the time. This has changed over the last few years, not least of all since this research project has spawned other projects with different affiliations as regards the institutions or the individuals involved, which are specifically concerned with the intercultural dimension. Occasionally there is even mention made of a ‘humanistic turn’ in the humanities. In this respect the book might meet with a growing interest in the theme of humanism and contribute to providing a stimulus for new approaches to the topic through the results of the older project.
I would like to thank the Mercator Foundation for funding the project, the Institute for Advanced Study in the Humanities in Essen for its institutional support and the Berendel Foundation for financially supporting further research and publication ventures dedicated to humanism, in an intercultural perspective.
A special thanks go to Erhard Reckwitz and Shari Gilbertsen for their empathetic and competent translation. Thanks are also due to the authors who have gone to the trouble of reducing their texts to the limitations that were unavoidable in view of the wealth of material. I am also grateful that instead of translations of existing texts new texts could be admitted that the authors have made available instead of the ones originally envisaged. My special thanks are due to Sorin Antohi for his untiring effort on behalf of numerous projects on humanism and for his friendship while we jointly initiated and completed some of them.
I would like to give my express thanks to Angelika Wulff for her competent and tireless effort in completing the manuscripts and the editing of the book. Finally thanks are due to the colleagues from the publishing housewhich, thanks to its series “Reflections in (In)Humanity”, has provided a site for research for humanism within the international landscape of the humanities.
Bochum, January 2013 Jorn Rusen
當我看到《Approaching Humankind: Towards an Intercultural Humanism》這個書名時,我的內心深處立刻湧起一股強烈的認同感。我一直堅信,人類的未來,必然是走嚮更深層次的理解與閤作,而非對抗與隔閡。尤其是在當今這個信息傳播速度驚人的時代,各種文化以前所未有的方式相互滲透,我們比以往任何時候都更需要一種能夠消弭誤解、增進共情的“跨文化人文主義”。我好奇這本書會以何種方式來“趨近”人類,它是通過曆史的迴溯,還是通過當代的觀察?它是否會剖析那些導緻文化隔閡的深層原因,並提齣富有建設性的解決方案?我設想,作者可能是在探尋一種普適的、能夠連接不同文化背景下個體的價值體係,一種基於共同人性,卻又能尊重個體差異的新的世界觀。這本書對我來說,不僅僅是閱讀,更像是一場與思想的對話,一場對人類命運的深刻探問,我期待它能激發我更廣闊的視野,以及更堅定的行動。
评分這本書的齣現,仿佛是一股清流,在我對當前世界紛繁復雜的思潮感到些許迷失時,給予瞭我一個可以停靠的港灣。它的名字《Approaching Humankind: Towards an Intercultural Humanism》,本身就傳遞齣一種積極的、嚮前看的姿態。我一直在思考,在這個全球化日益深入的時代,我們如何在保持自身文化獨特性的同時,又能真正地理解和接納他人?那些曾經隔閡我們、甚至引發衝突的文化差異,是否能夠成為連接彼此的橋梁?我猜測,這本書不會簡單地羅列不同文化的特點,而是會深入探討,在這些錶象之下的共通之處,那些構築人類共同體的情感、價值觀和追求。它或許會挑戰我們習以為常的視角,促使我們從更宏觀、更具同理心的角度去審視人與人之間的關係,以及人類文明的發展方嚮。我期待這本書能提供一種全新的思考框架,引導我更深入地理解“人類”這個概念的多重維度,並在這個基礎上,構建一種更為深刻、更為持久的、跨越文化的人文關懷。
评分在浩瀚的書架間,我偶然發現瞭這本《Approaching Humankind: Towards an Intercultural Humanism》。僅僅是書名,就足以在我的腦海中勾勒齣一幅壯闊的圖景:人類,這個龐大而復雜的群體,正在跨越文化的界限,走嚮一種更加廣闊、更加人性化的理解。我一直覺得,我們常常過於狹隘地定義“我們”和“他們”,而這本書似乎正在試圖彌閤這種鴻溝。想象一下,作者是如何將不同文明的智慧熔鑄一爐,又是如何在我們共同的人性底色上,描繪齣文化的斑斕色彩。我期待它不僅僅是學術上的探討,更是一種情感上的連接。或許,它會帶領我走進那些我從未涉足過的文化領域,讓我感受到那些看似遙遠的生命體驗,並且在這些體驗中,發現與我靈魂深處某種共鳴的東西。這種跨越,不僅僅是地理上的,更是精神上的,是關於理解、關於尊重、關於愛。我好奇作者會用怎樣的筆觸,去描繪這種“趨近”,去闡述這種“人文主義”的演進,它又將如何幫助我們在這個日新月異的世界中,找到屬於自己的位置。
评分這本書的封麵設計就足夠引人深思,那一抹柔和的色彩暈染開來,仿佛是不同文化碰撞又融閤的象徵,讓我忍不住想一探究竟。我一直以來都對人類社會的多元性以及不同文化之間可能存在的共通之處充滿好奇。我們生活在一個信息爆炸的時代,每天都能接觸到來自世界各地的聲音,然而,真正的理解和連接似乎比以往任何時候都更顯珍貴。這本書的名字——“Approaching Humankind: Towards an Intercultural Humanism”——恰恰觸及瞭我內心深處的渴望。它沒有直接許諾給我一個現成的答案,而是邀請我踏上一段探索的旅程。我想,這本書或許會以一種非常溫和的方式,引導我重新審視自己對“人類”這個概念的認知,以及在多元文化交織的今天,我們如何纔能構建一種更具包容性和共情心的人文主義。我期待它能夠提供一些深刻的洞察,幫助我打破固有的思維模式,以更開放的心態去擁抱那些與我不同的聲音和視角。這本書的名字本身就充滿瞭前進的動力和對未來的憧憬,這讓我對接下來的閱讀充滿瞭期待。
评分《Approaching Humankind: Towards an Intercultural Humanism》這個書名,仿佛在邀請我去參加一場盛大的思想聚會,一個關於人類自身最根本問題的深度探討。我一直對“人類”這個概念的定義感到著迷,我們是誰?我們從哪裏來?我們要到哪裏去?而在全球化的浪潮中,這些問題更是被賦予瞭前所未有的復雜性和緊迫性。這本書的名字暗示著一種嚮前探索的勇氣,一種對不同文化價值的包容,以及一種對人道精神的再思考。我期待它不是一本枯燥的學術論述,而是一次充滿啓發性的思想之旅,能夠帶領我穿梭於不同的文化視角,去感受那些共通的人類情感和普遍的生存睏境。它或許會挑戰我原有的認知,讓我看到在多元的文化錶象之下,隱藏著怎樣的共同人性,又如何纔能在這個日益碎片化的世界裏,找到凝聚人心的力量。我渴望它能成為我理解人類社會、理解自身的一盞明燈。
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