China’s Energy Policy from National and International Perspectives：The Energy Revolution and One Belt One Road Initiative pdf epub mobi txt 电子书 下载 2025

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圖書標籤:

• 中國能源政策
• 能源革命
• 一帶一路倡議
• 能源安全
• 國際關係
• 可持續發展
• 地緣政治
• 能源轉型
• 中國經濟
• 能源外交

Before 2000, roughly 96% of China’s energy demands were met domestically. Since 2001, however, this position of near self-reliance has changed. With steadily increasing demands, China’s need for foreign energy has grown. Today, China is the world’s biggest energy consumer and emitter of greenhouse gases. Building upon the first volume, which examined China’s energy plans, this book will examine the strategies China has taken to meet its burgeoning energy demands, continue its fast-paced economic growth and also address the mounting concerns about environmental welfare and the true cost of China’s development. With new chapters addressing international agreements, the so-called “China energy threat” and the Belt and Road Initiative, this volume will continue to discuss and interpret both domestic policies and China’s international role.

好的，以下是根據您的要求，創作的一篇關於能源政策、地緣政治與全球治理的圖書簡介，此內容不涉及您原書的主題，並力求內容詳實、敘述自然： --- 書名：《全球能源轉型的地緣政治博弈：技術、權力與可持續發展的未來路徑》 導言：在不確定性中重塑能源秩序 本書旨在深入剖析當代全球能源體係正經曆的深刻轉型，並重點探討這一轉型在宏觀地緣政治、技術創新和國際治理層麵所引發的復雜互動與衝突。我們正處於一個能源範式劇烈變動的十字路口：從化石燃料主導的舊秩序嚮低碳、分散化能源係統的過渡，不僅是技術和經濟問題，更是深刻的權力重塑過程。本書超越瞭單純的技術分析或市場預測，著重於揭示在能源轉型的大背景下，各國如何運用其資源稟賦、技術能力和外交手腕，以期在未來的全球能源格局中占據有利地位。 第一部分：能源技術的顛覆性影響與國傢戰略競爭 本部分聚焦於驅動當前能源革命的核心技術及其對國傢安全與經濟競爭力的重塑。 第一章：可再生能源的滲透與電網的智能化挑戰 我們首先考察太陽能光伏、風能以及先進儲能技術（如固態電池、長時儲能）的快速發展。這些技術正以前所未有的速度改變能源的供給側結構。然而，這種分布式和間歇性的特徵，對傳統集中式電網管理體係構成瞭嚴峻挑戰。本章將詳細分析智慧電網（Smart Grid）的構建、網絡安全問題，以及各國在推動電網現代化過程中所麵臨的監管和基礎設施投資障礙。特彆關注電力市場機製如何適應高滲透率的可再生能源，以及虛擬電廠（VPP）等新興模式的潛力與限製。 第二章：關鍵礦産的戰略地位與供應鏈的脆弱性 能源轉型並非意味著對資源的擺脫，而是將依賴從油氣轉嚮關鍵礦産，如鋰、鈷、鎳、稀土元素等。這些礦産的開采、精煉和加工鏈條高度集中於少數國傢和地區，構成瞭新的地緣政治風險點。本章將對全球關鍵礦産的儲量分布、加工能力和貿易流嚮進行細緻的梳理。同時，探討各國為保障關鍵礦産供應鏈安全而采取的“近岸化”（Near-shoring）、“友岸化”（Friend-shoring）戰略，以及對可持續采礦和循環經濟的政策呼籲。 第三章：氫能的“最後一步”：技術成熟度與應用前景 氫能，特彆是“綠色氫能”，被視為實現工業脫碳和重型運輸零排放的關鍵。本章評估瞭當前製氫技術（電解、甲烷重整）的成本效益與環境足跡。我們深入分析瞭各國在構建氫能生態係統方麵的不同側重點——是聚焦於國內工業應用的“藍氫”路徑，還是大規模國際貿易的“綠氫”走廊建設。同時，也批判性地審視瞭在基礎設施建設（管道、儲運）和安全標準統一方麵的巨大鴻溝。 第二部分：地緣政治的變遷與能源安全的新定義 能源安全在傳統上側重於保障石油和天然氣的穩定供應，但在轉型期，這一概念正在被重新定義，包含瞭技術主導權、網絡韌性和氣候適應力。 第四章：從油氣管道到電力互聯：跨國能源基礎設施的權力博弈 隨著天然氣在過渡期的作用日益凸顯，以及區域電力互聯網絡的擴張，基礎設施本身成為地緣政治的工具。本章分析瞭新的能源走廊（如液化天然氣（LNG）齣口樞紐、跨境輸電項目）的建設如何重塑地區權力平衡。它考察瞭齣口國如何利用能源基礎設施投資來增強其地緣經濟影響力，以及進口國如何通過分散采購和建立戰略儲備來對衝風險。 第五章：氣候外交與國際能源治理的碎片化 全球氣候治理機製在推進能源轉型中扮演核心角色，但近年來顯示齣明顯的碎片化趨勢。本章探討瞭主要經濟體在《巴黎協定》框架下履行減排承諾的差異性，以及這種差異如何演變為貿易壁壘和技術標準之爭（例如碳邊境調節機製）。我們分析瞭多邊機構（如IEA、IRENA）在協調各國轉型步伐、促進技術轉讓方麵的作用，同時也關注瞭區域性氣候集團的興起及其對全球規範製定的影響。 第六章：能源轉型的社會維度與政治阻力 能源轉型並非總能獲得平穩的社會接受度。本章關注“公正轉型”（Just Transition）的實踐挑戰。這包括如何處理煤炭和石油産業的工人再培訓、如何應對能源價格波動對中低收入傢庭的影響，以及如何化解因大型可再生能源項目（如水電站、風電場）選址引發的土地使用和社區衝突。我們探討瞭政治民粹主義如何利用對能源成本上漲的擔憂來阻礙氣候政策的實施。 第三部分：區域視角下的能源轉型領導力與競爭 本部分將目光投嚮特定的地理區域，分析其獨特的能源稟賦、政策選擇以及它們在全球轉型中的角色。 第七章：發達經濟體的“綠色工業革命”：補貼競賽與技術標準製定 分析瞭北美和歐洲等發達經濟體為刺激本土清潔技術發展而推齣的巨額補貼計劃（如大規模投資法案）。重點討論瞭這些國內導嚮型政策如何引發國際貿易緊張，特彆是關於本土化要求對全球供應鏈的影響。本章還考察瞭這些經濟體在製定下一代能源技術標準（如電池安全標準、碳捕集與封存的監管框架）方麵的主導意圖。 第八章：新興市場的能源路徑選擇：發展需求與氣候責任的平衡 本章著眼於南亞、東南亞和非洲的發展中經濟體。這些國傢麵臨著既要實現大規模能源普及以滿足經濟增長需求，又要避免“碳鎖定”（Carbon Lock-in）的復雜任務。我們分析瞭它們在吸引國際氣候融資、平衡化石燃料基礎設施投資與可再生能源部署方麵的政策睏境，以及它們對“共同但有區彆的責任”原則的堅持。 第九章：能源安全的重構：從資源獲取到技術主權的追求 本書的結論部分將這些分散的分析匯聚一堂，提齣能源安全的未來定義：它不再僅僅是確保進口管道暢通無阻，而是演變為對關鍵技術知識、核心供應鏈控製權和數據基礎設施的掌握。我們展望，未來的地緣政治競爭將越來越集中於誰能最快、最有效地部署和擴大下一代能源係統，以及誰能製定這些新係統的全球技術和經濟規則。 ---

作者簡介

Qinhua XU

　　Qinhua XU is a professor at the School of International Studies of the Renmin University of China. She is also the director of the Center for International Energy and Environment Strategy Studies of the University. She has been working for more than twenty years in various academic and research institutions in Asia, Europe and the United States.

William CHUNG
 
　　William CHUNG is associate professor of Management Sciences at City University of Hong Kong. He earned his PhD in Management Sciences at the University of Waterloo, Canada. His personal research interests mainly focus on developing mathematical methodologies for energy-environmental policy problems, like large-scale equilibrium models, benchmarking methods for the energy consumption performance of buildings, and decomposition analysis of energy intensity.

Chapter 1 Introduction
1. Background and Motivation   
2. Preliminaries 
3. Gaps in Understanding Key Notions
 
Chapter 2 The Energy System and Policies before the Twelfth Five-Year Plan
1. Energy Development by Sector 
2. Past Five-Year Plans and Energy Policies 
3. Change in Energy Mix, Energy Intensity and Environmental Effects
 
Chapter 3 Effects of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan Energy Policy
1. Understanding the Background to theTwelfth Five-Year Plan Energy Policies 
2. Energy Mix, Energy Intensity and Environmental Effects
 
Chapter 4 China’s Energy Evolution and Revolution
1. The Hard Road of Reforming the Power and Natural Gas Sectors 
2. China’s Energy Revolution 
3. Conclusion 
 
Chapter 5 The Evolution of China’s Foreign Energy Policy
1. The National Energy Security Situation and the Effect on Foreign Energy Policy 
2. Changes in Foreign Energy Policy 
3. Twenty-Year Review of China’s Foreign Energy Policy Implementation 
4. China’s Foreign Energy Policies by Region 
5. Remarks 
 
Chapter 6 Energy Cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative
1. Major Changes in the Global Oil Market and its Implications for China 
2. China-Russia Oil and Natural Gas Cooperation: the Geopolitical Impact 
3. Expected Benefits and Potential Risks of Energy Cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative

序

　　We live in a world of turmoil. Acid rain, deforestation, earthquakes and tsunamis are just some of the many natural catastrophes that have become part of our daily lives. It is believed that at least some of these events are due to climate change. Whether wholly responsible or not, efforts are being made to try and combat climate change. In 2015, the whole world came together in Paris for COP21 (the United Nations Conference on Climate Change) to try to find a way to work together to counter these issues. This convocation alone was a mighty accomplishment, regardless of what else came out of it. Despite the great differences between many of the attending nations, leaders from every corner of the world gathered to address issues of high complexity and vital importance. As one of the biggest economies in the world, China participated to do its part in working towards a solution.
 
　　More willing than ever before to act as a responsible stakeholder, China is becoming a key and active contributor in international treaty arrangements. It is not surprising, therefore, that closer relations between the BASIC countries (Brazil, South Africa, India and China) were one of the byproducts of the Copenhagen Summit. Not only on the international scene, but in its national policy also, China is constantly improving. This raises its own challenges. With a rapidly growing economy and the need to maintain these growth rates, China has to balance its green efforts in a sustainable way. This high-wire balancing act has led to a unique Chinese way of action, which caters to China’s green efforts as well as economic stability.
 
　　China has made tremendous efforts to grow its clean energy sector and has had significant success in reaching its reduction targets and increasing its commitment to R&D projects in this area. Consequently, today, Chinese enterprises are the world’s dominant players in hydropower, and the largest installers of wind power and solar energy plants. Nevertheless, China is still a developing nation which needs the support of the international community to continue its progression to a low-carbon economy. The fact is that China is faced with a challenging future, in which it will become ever harder to strike a balance between the rapidly increasing demand for energy, the responsibility to preserve environmental limits and the need to develop its economy to meet its people’s expanding demands.
 
　　In the first months of 2013, Beijing suffered from a very serious pollution haze. Even the delegates to the National People’s Congress (NPC) in March criticized the government over the city’s poor air and water quality, also expressing deep-felt concern about the lack of information on environmental issues. From top-down and bottom-up, people asked the government to take measures to prevent this happening again.
 
　　In order to make significant changes, China has established a very efficient and multilayered plan to deal with the economy’s growing energy demands. Not only does the government introduce and monitor requirements for energy efficiency, but it also closes facilities that cannot reach those requirements and gives financial incentives to companies to be more energy efficient. Information is distributed at all levels of government and among the general public on these issues, and pilot projects have been initiated to look for new solutions.
 
　　This volume endeavors to continue to discuss China’s energy policies in order to facilitate the study of anyone who is interested in China’s energy and environmental issues, filling the gap between the information provided by academics, energy industrial parishioners, policy makers and IR/IPE scholars.
 
　　In addition, following the publication of our book China Energy Policy in National and International Perspective: A Study Fore-and-Aft 18th National Congress in 2014, we aim to show the most important issues and policies currently occurring in Chinese energy, placing them in both a domestic and international context, from which we can offer a better understanding of China’s energy policies. Furthermore, as energy cooperation is a priority in China’s One Belt One Road (OBOR) Initiative, this volume will also discuss this initiative and the Chinese energy revolution, what the implications of the energy revolution are and the nature of the energy relationship between China and Russia, the latter being a core area in China’s foreign energy cooperation under the OBOR framework.

Basic Information about China’s
Energy Development
 
The introduction of a carbon trading market in China shows that environmental concerns are not only a restraint on Chinese energy policy, but they are becoming one of the three key aspects in energy policy.
 
These aspects are energy security; environment and climate; and foreign relations. The three are interrelated and mutually supportive of each other with the main purpose of maintaining the sustainable development of the Chinese economy.
 
Since the end of 2012, China has been one of the world’s largest energy producer. As its economic status rises dramatically, China has become the focus of the world, feeling more strongly its citizens’ yearning for environmental safety while experiencing the challenges of coping with climate change.
 
By the end of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan in 2010, China’s energy industry had seen substantial development: total production quantity of primary energy had increased from 2.16 billion tons of standard coal in 2005 to 2.97 billion tons. The energy self-supply rate had reached 91%. The proportion of renewable energy in primary energy had risen from 7.4% in 2005 to 9.4% in 2010, and non-fossil fueled energy from 6.8% to 8.6%.
 
China had developed its overseas oil and gas cooperation with Central Asia, Russia, the Middle East, Africa, South America and the Asia-Pacific region, and gradual growth had been seen in overseas equity oil production. Energy intensity had decreased by 19.1%.

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讀到《中國能源政策：國傢與國際視角——能源革命與一帶一路倡議》這個書名，我的第一反應是好奇書中對於“能源革命”的定義和解讀。這不僅僅是指中國在能源結構上的調整，例如減少對化石燃料的依賴，大力發展可再生能源，更可能包含其在技術創新、能源效率提升以及能源治理模式上的深刻變革。我希望書中能夠詳細闡述中國在這些方麵的具體實踐，包括其目標設定、政策工具以及取得的成就。書中是否會深入分析中國在太陽能、風能、電動汽車等領域的全球領先地位是如何形成的？同時，它又會如何看待中國在發展核能、氫能等新興能源技術方麵的潛力與風險？ 而“一帶一路”倡議，作為中國一項宏大的對外戰略，其在能源領域的實踐更是引人注目。我非常期待書中能夠提供關於此倡議下，中國如何與沿綫國傢在能源基礎設施建設、能源貿易、投資閤作等方麵進行互動。例如，書中是否會探討中國如何通過“一帶一路”來保障自身的能源安全，同時又如何為沿綫國傢的經濟發展提供能源支持？更重要的是，書中是否會從一個更宏觀的角度，分析“一帶一路”倡議對全球能源格局、區域能源安全以及國際能源治理可能産生的深遠影響？是否會提及潛在的地緣政治風險或經濟挑戰？

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《中國能源政策：國傢與國際視角——能源革命與一帶一路倡議》這個書名， immediately evoked a strong sense of intellectual curiosity in me. The term "Energy Revolution" within the Chinese context is particularly compelling. I'm eager to explore how the book defines and analyzes this revolution, beyond mere shifts in energy sources. Does it delve into the technological advancements that China is spearheading, such as breakthroughs in renewable energy storage, smart grids, or advanced nuclear power? Furthermore, how does this "revolution" translate into policy implementation at the national level? I'm keen to understand the challenges and successes China has encountered in transitioning towards a more sustainable and efficient energy system, including its impact on industrial structures and economic growth. The "Belt and Road Initiative" (BRI) aspect of the title further broadens the scope of inquiry. My interest lies in understanding the intricate interplay between China's domestic energy ambitions and its outward-looking BRI. How does the BRI facilitate China's energy diplomacy and secure its energy supply chains? I anticipate a detailed examination of the energy-related infrastructure projects under the BRI, their economic viability, and their geopolitical implications. More critically, I'm looking for an analysis of how these initiatives impact the energy landscapes of the participating countries. Does the book offer insights into the potential for win-win energy cooperation, or does it highlight the inherent risks and dependencies that might arise from such large-scale projects?

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這本書的標題《中國能源政策：國傢與國際視角——能源革命與一帶一路倡議》聽起來就非常有分量，尤其是在當前全球能源轉型和地緣政治格局劇烈變動的時代。我一直對中國作為世界第二大經濟體，其能源戰略的製定和執行如何影響全球能源市場以及區域穩定非常感興趣。特彆是“能源革命”這個詞，它不僅僅是指能源結構的調整，更可能意味著技術創新、産業升級甚至是社會經濟模式的深刻變革。我很好奇書中會如何解讀中國在發展新能源、提高能源效率方麵的具體舉措，以及這些舉措背後是否麵臨著技術瓶頸、資源限製或環境挑戰。 而“一帶一路”倡議，作為一個宏大的跨國經濟閤作框架，其在能源領域的聯動效應更是值得深挖。這不僅僅是簡單的能源貿易，更可能涉及到基礎設施建設、能源技術輸齣、投資閤作以及能源安全標準的協調。我期待書中能夠深入分析“一帶一路”倡議下，中國如何通過投資和建設跨境能源通道（如油氣管道、電力輸送網絡）來滿足自身能源需求，同時也如何影響沿綫國傢的能源發展路徑。書中是否會探討這些項目對當地環境、社會經濟以及地緣政治格局産生的潛在影響？尤其是在“能源安全”這個敏感議題上，中國“走齣去”的能源戰略，又會給全球能源供應鏈帶來怎樣的變數？

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這本書的書名《中國能源政策：國傢與國際視角——能源革命與一帶一路倡議》，觸及瞭我一直以來關注的幾個核心議題。我非常好奇書中如何解讀中國所說的“能源革命”。這是否僅僅是關於化石燃料嚮清潔能源的轉變，還是包含更廣泛的意義，例如技術創新、産業升級、能源效率的提升，甚至是對能源消費模式的根本性改變？我期待書中能提供具體的案例和數據，來支撐其對這場“革命”的論述，例如中國在發展太陽能、風能、電動汽車等領域所取得的成就，以及其在能源技術研發和推廣方麵的投入。 同時，“一帶一路”倡議下的能源閤作，也是我非常感興趣的部分。書中是否會深入分析中國通過這一倡議，如何與其他國傢在能源領域建立新的夥伴關係？這是否意味著中國在全球能源供應和需求中扮演著更重要的角色，並且可能重塑現有的國際能源格局？我特彆希望書中能探討“一帶一路”在能源基礎設施建設（如管道、電網）方麵的具體項目，以及這些項目可能帶來的經濟、環境和社會影響。此外，書中是否會涉及中國在推動區域能源安全，以及應對全球能源挑戰方麵所扮演的角色？

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這本書的書名《中國能源政策：國傢與國際視角——能源革命與一帶一路倡議》，讓我聯想到近些年來中國在能源領域所展現齣的強勁勢頭。從國內來看，其對煤炭依賴的逐步削減，大力發展太陽能、風能等可再生能源的決心，乃至在核能和儲能技術上的投入，無疑是一場深刻的“能源革命”。我非常好奇書中是如何界定和評價這場“革命”的成效與挑戰的。例如，中國在實現碳達峰、碳中和目標的過程中，會麵臨哪些具體的現實睏難？其政策的執行力度與實際效果之間是否存在差距？書中是否會提供具體的案例分析，來佐證其對“能源革命”的論述？ 從國際視角來看，“一帶一路”倡議下的能源閤作更是引發瞭廣泛的討論。書中對這一部分的闡述，是否能夠提供更深入、更客觀的見解？它會側重於分析中國如何通過這一倡議，構建新的能源地理版圖，還是會探討沿綫國傢如何從中受益，或者又麵臨哪些潛在的風險？我特彆關注書中是否會提及，在推動“一帶一路”能源項目時，所涉及到的國際規則、投資風險以及潛在的債務問題。中國作為全球能源需求大國，其能源戰略的調整，必然會牽動全球能源市場的神經，書中對此會有怎樣的獨到分析？