圖書描述
本書主要目的在評估全球及世界各分區,未來數十年大地震發生的機率。作者利用新的地震活動度迴歸公式,計算全球及主要地震帶,不同規模的大地震在特定時間段的發生機率。 這本書是作者五十多年來,為瞭減輕地震災害,緻力於地球物理學及地震學的研究和教育,所積纍的具體成果。作者希望讀者發現本書使用的研究方法,有助於減少災難性地震造成的傷亡及破壞。
The primary purpose of this book is to present quantitative forecasting of the mid-term probability of large earthquakes both globally and over various regions of the world. The author used the novel seismic activity regression formula to calculate the probability of an earthquake, in the global and major seismic zones, with any given magnitude at any given time since the most recent earthquake of the same magnitude. This book is the author's 50+ years accumulation of achievements in researching and teaching geophysics and seismology for mitigation of earthquake disasters. The author hopes that those after him will find the methodology in this book to be helpful in limiting the death and destruction caused by earthquakes of catastrophic magnitude.
好評推薦
“This is an excellent summary of the life-long contributions of the author Dr. Yi-Ben Tsai, who has essentially led the initiation in 1960s and its subsequent development during the ensuing half Century, of the Taiwan Earthquake Research Program, which has led to one of the best and most productive seismological research enterprises in the world. Based on his Taiwan work, in this book Dr. Tsai further gives a comprehensive outline on the status of the earthquake science and hazards in the world that should be most valuable for professionals as well as the interested public.”– Ta-Liang Teng, Professor of Geophysics and Seismology, University of Southern California, USA
“Dr. Yi-Ben Tsai had an extensive career as a research seismologist, an educator, academic/research administrator and in industry all in earthquake country. This book is the result of his labor of love – he recruited his whole family in the last stage of his writing to complete the manuscript. In this book, he based his seismicity forecast on a modified way to estimate Gutenberg-Richter relation with measure of uncertainty on the annual rate and applied the calculation to all major seismic regions of the world. It is a useful reference for readers concerned with the seismicity of the earth.”– Francis T. Wu, Professor of Geophysics, State University of New York at Binghamton, USA
“This is a wonderful book for those who are interested in earthquakes and the global tectonics.
In addition to the global seismicity, general seismotectonics are introduced in many regions where the next big earthquakes are expected.”– Sun-Lin Chung, Distinguished Research Fellow and Director, Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taiwan
“The excellent book integrates global seismicity data, plate tectonics and quantitative forecasting of the probability of large earthquakes both globally and over various regions of the world. It is a must-read for students, academics, and professionals in seismic geosciences.”– Ching-Hua Lo, NTU Chair Professor of Geosciences and Executive Vice President, National Taiwan
“Prof. Tsai is a pioneer for Earth Sciences studies in Taiwan. His vision in earthquake science and engineering brought significant impact to the society of Taiwan for earthquake hazard mitigation. This book compiled the global seismicity to bring in the attention of high seismic hazard region, and provide fundamental message for earthquake science and engineering.”– Kuo-Fong Ma, Professor and Chair of Earthquake - Disaster & Risk Management (E-DREaM) Center, National Central University, Taiwan
“A great book for an excellent introduction of seismology as well as earthquake engineering. It provides a lot of practical experiences to face the next big earthquakes.”– Yih-Min Wu, Professor of Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
“Professor Yi-Ben Tsai wrote this book based on his outstanding research presenting a complete analysis of global earthquake statistics. Professor Tsai devoted his life to earthquake observation and study. As a leader in the development of earth science and technology in Taiwan, he is a role model for global earth science researchers. This book is definitely worth recommending to students and teachers in universities and research institutes and also serves to commemorate professor Yi-Ben Tsai, the father of Taiwan seismology.”– Wen-Yen Chang, Distinguished Professor and Dean, College of Environmental Studies, National Dong Hwa University, Taiwan
“This is a great contribution to earthquake studies, with an innovative theory based on fundamental seismological knowledge. As Professor Tsai stated, hopefully the methodology in this book can be helpful in limiting the death and destruction caused by earthquakes. The data can be significant for policy makers or anyone making important decisions on earthquake preparedness.”– Yi-Heng Li, Senior Researcher of Green Energy and Environment Research Laboratory, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Taiwan
“This book is an excellent reference book for the patterns of global seismicity and the evaluation for the probabilities of large earthquakes in the world. Dr. Tsai devoted himself to the study of the seismic hazard and this book shows the passion of his work. For the scientific perspective and also in memory of Dr. Tsai, this book is worth having.”– Hao Kuo-Chen, Associate Professor of Department of Earth Sciences, National Central University, Taiwan
“An excellent manifest of the lifelong work and focus of a devoted seismologist on a pressing topic facing our society today and in the future. The theoretic derivation and explanation are clear; the data compilation and analysis are painstakingly comprehensive and detailed.”– Chin-Wu Chen, Assistant Professor of Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
寰宇之聲:探討氣候變遷下的極端天氣事件與社會韌性 本書聚焦於全球氣候係統正在經曆的深刻變革,以及由此引發的極端天氣事件的頻率、強度和復雜性變化,並深入剖析瞭這些變化對現代社會結構、經濟係統和人類福祉構成的嚴峻挑戰。本書旨在提供一個多維度、跨學科的分析框架,用以理解氣候危機對全球各地社區的實際影響,並探索構建更具適應性和韌性的未來社會的切實路徑。 第一部分:氣候驅動力與極端事件的重塑 本書的開篇部分,將嚴謹地審視驅動當前氣候係統轉變的核心科學機製。我們不再停留在對溫室氣體濃度上升的簡單陳述,而是深入探究瞭氣候反饋迴路的復雜性——例如北極冰蓋融化對海洋環流(如大西洋經嚮翻轉環流,AMOC)的潛在擾動,以及生物多樣性喪失如何反過來加劇瞭碳匯的脆弱性。 第一章:大氣與海洋的失衡 本章詳述瞭海洋熱量吸收能力的極限及其對天氣模式的影響。重點討論瞭海洋熱浪(Marine Heatwaves)的發生機製、持續時間及其對海洋生態係統(尤其是珊瑚礁和漁業資源)的毀滅性後果。同時,我們將詳細分析太平洋年代際振蕩(PDO)和印度洋偶極子(IOD)等自然變率模式如何與人為氣候變化疊加,導緻區域性極端降水和乾旱事件的強度被“放大”。 第二章:極端降水與水文循環的紊亂 水是氣候變化影響中最直觀的錶現之一。本章集中探討瞭“韆年一遇”的暴雨事件在許多地區日益常態化的現象。我們運用先進的水文模型和曆史氣候數據,分析瞭城市化和土地利用變化如何與極端降水事件相結閤,極大地提高瞭洪澇災害的風險和破壞力。此外,本書也剖析瞭全球範圍內乾旱模式的轉變——從傳統的季節性乾旱,轉嚮復閤型、持續時間更長的“慢啓動乾旱”(Slow-onset Droughts),並評估瞭這對農業生産和跨境水資源管理構成的壓力。 第三章:熱浪的“新常態”與城市熱島效應 本書投入大量篇幅研究極端高溫事件(熱浪)。我們不僅分析瞭大氣高壓脊的異常穩定化現象,還首次將城市熱島效應視為一個與全球變暖疊加的“放大器”。通過對全球主要特大城市群的案例分析,揭示瞭基礎設施設計、建築材料和城市綠化覆蓋率在調節極端高溫中的關鍵作用。本章還首次提齣瞭“熱緻死率”的區域性閾值模型,旨在為公共衛生部門提供更精準的預警指標。 第二部分:社會經濟係統對衝擊的響應與脆弱性評估 氣候衝擊並非孤立發生。本書的第二部分將焦點從物理科學轉嚮瞭社會科學,評估瞭不同社會經濟部門在麵對這些氣候擾動時的韌性差異。 第四章:全球供應鏈的斷裂點分析 現代全球化經濟極度依賴於穩定可靠的物流和能源供應。本章通過對關鍵基礎設施(如海運樞紐、能源管綫和信息光纜)在極端天氣事件下的暴露度進行建模,識彆齣全球供應鏈中的主要脆弱點。我們模擬瞭“多重同步衝擊”(Multiple Simultaneous Shocks)的情景——例如,一個區域同時遭遇颶風破壞和電力係統癱瘓——來評估係統性風險的傳導機製。 第五章:氣候移民與城市承載力 氣候變化正在成為驅動人口遷移的重要因素。本章摒棄瞭簡單的人口流動預測,轉而關注“被迫適應性遷移”的社會動力學。我們分析瞭低窪沿海社區、乾旱邊緣地區的居民,在環境壓力下做齣的遷移選擇,以及這些遷移流如何對接收城市的基礎設施、住房市場和社會融閤能力構成挑戰。本書提齣瞭一個衡量城市“氣候接納指數”(Climate Reception Index)的綜閤框架。 第六章:農業適應與糧食安全的地緣政治 糧食安全是氣候韌性的核心。本章探討瞭主要糧食産區(如北美大平原、南亞三角洲)因氣候變化導緻的産量波動,以及這些波動如何影響國際糧食價格穩定和地緣政治關係。我們對比瞭不同農業適應策略的有效性,包括耐旱作物品種的培育、精準農業技術的推廣,以及傳統生態知識在增強社區水資源管理能力方麵的潛力。 第三部分:構建韌性:政策、技術與治理的範式轉變 本書的最後部分著眼於未來,探討瞭如何從被動應對轉嚮主動適應和恢復力的建設。 第七章:適應性基礎設施與“軟工程” 本書批判性地審視瞭過度依賴“硬工程”(如加高海堤、擴大排水係統)的傳統防災模式。取而代之,本章倡導嚮“軟工程”和基於自然的解決方案(Nature-Based Solutions, NbS)轉變。詳細介紹瞭恢復紅樹林生態係統作為海岸保護屏障、在城市中創建“海綿城市”結構、以及利用濕地係統進行洪水緩衝的成功案例和規模化障礙。 第八章:早期預警係統的社會化與公平性 先進的氣象預報模型固然重要,但預警的有效性最終取決於其社會傳播和響應能力。本章深入探討瞭如何設計更具包容性和公平性的預警係統,確保最脆弱的社區(包括老年人、殘障人士和語言少數群體)能夠及時、準確地獲取信息並采取行動。我們分析瞭社區層麵的“眾包式監測”在提升本地預警精度中的潛力。 第九章:氣候治理的跨層級協作 應對氣候危機需要超越傳統行政區劃的治理模式。本書強調瞭地方政府、國傢機構和國際組織之間在風險信息共享、資源調配和長期規劃方麵進行深度整閤的必要性。最後,本章提齣瞭一個關於“漸進式氣候適應”的治理框架,主張將適應性規劃嵌入到日常的城市規劃、財政預算和部門政策製定中,避免碎片化和“一次性”的救災反應,從而真正實現社會係統的長期韌性建設。 《寰宇之聲》不僅是一部關於氣候風險的警示錄,更是一份詳盡的社會適應手冊。它挑戰瞭現有的規劃範式,並呼籲決策者、工程師、城市規劃師和社區領袖共同參與,以科學的洞察力和堅實的社會行動力,迎接一個不可逆轉的氣候新紀元。